We’re going to be talking about substance dependence today. This is a topic that is important because substance abuse rates are rising, and it’s important to understand the difference between using a substance and being dependent on it. We’ll explore what constitutes dependence and its associated health risks. We’ll also provide resources for those who are struggling with addiction so they can get the help they need.
What Is Substance Dependence?
Substance dependence is when someone becomes physically dependent on a substance, such as alcohol, nicotine, drugs, or medication, to the point where their body begins to adapt and they develop a tolerance to it. When they stop using the substance, they may experience withdrawal symptoms.
There is a condition that can affect a person’s brain, body, and behavior.
Substances That Are Commonly Used
The following are some of the most common types of substances:
- Depressants that cause drowsiness and reduce anxiety. Alcohol is a depressant, as are certain medications such as benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, and Ativan), barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and paraldehyde.
- Stimulants are substances that stimulate the brain and nervous system. Cocaine and amphetamines are examples of stimulants. Amphetamines are also found in stimulant medications such as Ritalin, which are used to treat conditions such as ADHD.
- Hallucinogens are substances that cause people to hear or see things that do not exist. LSD, psilocybin (also known as mushrooms), mescaline, and phencyclidine are examples of hallucinogens (known as PCP or angel dust).
- Opiates and narcotics are powerful pain relievers that cause drowsiness and feelings of well-being, happiness, and excitement. Opiates are drugs like heroin and opium, as well as pain relievers like Vicodin and morphine.
- Marijuana produces feelings of happiness, calm, and relaxation.
Symptoms of Substance Abuse
Some of the symptoms and behaviors associated with substance dependence and substance use disorder are as follows:
- The substance is required on a daily basis.
- Tolerance of the substance and the need to take more of it over time to achieve the same effect.
- Loss of control over the substance and inability to stop using it.
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing the use of the substance.
- Spending a significant amount of time acquiring, using, and recovering from the effects of the substance.
- Using the substance in high-risk situations.
- Missing school or work, or underperforming.
- Due to substance abuse, people avoid recreational and social activities.
- Using the substance despite the negative consequences to one’s family, job, and health.
- Making justifications for using the substance.
- When using the substance alone.
- Using covert methods to conceal one’s use of the substance.
- When confronted with one’s substance abuse, one becomes hostile.
- Failure to eat and maintain personal hygiene
Substance Dependence Causes
Addictive substances such as alcohol and drugs, according to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), cause brain changes that result in intense cravings for the substance.
According to the APA, as the brain and body adapt to the effects of the substance, the person must consume more and more of it to achieve the same effect. This creates a vicious cycle of addiction and dependence, which contributes to substance use disorder.
A number of factors can increase the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder, including:
- Social pressures
- Environmental stressors
- Genetic vulnerability
- Individual personality characteristics
- Mental health conditions
Lastly
Substance dependence and addiction are serious conditions that can be difficult to overcome but can be treated with help. If you or a loved one are struggling with dependency, getting help as soon as possible is important. You can contact us at Kazmo Brain Center for help.
